How to Assess Storm Damage to Your Roof

Houston residents are no strangers to severe weather events, from thunderstorms and high winds to hurricanes and occasional hail. After such events, it's crucial to assess your roof for damage promptly. This comprehensive guide will help you identify common types of storm damage, document them properly for insurance claims, and determine when emergency repairs are necessary. With Houston's unique weather patterns, understanding how to properly assess and respond to storm damage is an essential skill for every homeowner.

Safety First

Before attempting any roof inspection, prioritize your safety:

• Never climb onto a roof during or immediately after a storm - Wet roofs are extremely slippery, and there may be hidden structural damage that could collapse under your weight.
• Wait until daylight hours and dry conditions before inspecting - Good visibility is essential for spotting damage, and dry conditions reduce the risk of slips and falls.
• Be aware of downed power lines or other hazards - After severe storms, power lines may be down in your yard or even on your roof. Stay at least 35 feet away from any downed lines and report them immediately to your utility company.
• Use proper safety equipment if climbing a ladder - Ensure your ladder is on stable ground, extends at least 3 feet above the roof edge, and is secured. Wear non-slip footwear and consider using a safety harness.
• Consider using binoculars for a ground-level inspection - Many types of damage can be spotted from the ground using binoculars, eliminating the need to climb onto the roof.
• Watch for trip hazards from storm debris - Branches, roof materials, and other debris may create dangerous conditions around your home.
• When in doubt, hire a professional roofing contractor - Professional roofers have the training, equipment, and experience to safely inspect your roof after a storm.

Types of Storm Damage

Wind Damage

Houston experiences various wind events throughout the year, from regular thunderstorms to tropical systems. High winds can lift and remove shingles, leaving your roof vulnerable to water infiltration. Wind damage often occurs in patterns, with corners, edges, and ridgelines being particularly susceptible.

Look for these specific signs of wind damage:

• Missing shingles or sections - Areas where shingles have been completely torn away, exposing the underlayment or roof deck.
• Curled or lifted shingle edges - Wind can break the seal between shingles and lift their edges, making them vulnerable to being torn off in the next storm.
• Damaged or missing ridge caps - These specialized shingles that cover the peak of your roof are particularly vulnerable to wind damage due to their exposed position.
• Loose or exposed nails - Wind can work roofing nails loose over time, creating potential leak points and weakening shingle attachment.
• Debris from overhanging trees - Branches and other debris can puncture or scrape roofing materials when blown by high winds.
• Chimney or vent flashing damage - Wind can loosen or damage the metal flashing around roof penetrations.
• Damaged soffit or fascia - These components can be damaged by wind-driven debris or torn away by particularly strong gusts.
• Granules in gutters or downspouts - Excessive amounts of granules from asphalt shingles may indicate wind has been wearing away the protective surface.

Wind damage severity often correlates with wind speed:

• 45-57 mph: Minor damage to shingles, especially if they're older
• 58-74 mph: Moderate damage, including torn or missing shingles
• 75-89 mph: Severe damage possible, including large sections of missing shingles
• 90+ mph: Catastrophic damage likely, potentially including structural components

Hail Damage

While less common than wind events, hailstorms do occur in Houston and can cause significant damage to roofing materials. Hail creates impact points that compromise your shingles' integrity, often in ways that aren't immediately obvious but can lead to leaks and reduced roof lifespan.

Signs of hail damage include:

• Small, dark spots where granules are missing - These "bruises" expose the asphalt mat beneath and accelerate shingle deterioration.
• Dents or dimples in shingles - These may be subtle and require running your hand over the surface to detect.
• Cracked or broken shingles - Larger hailstones can actually crack or split shingles on impact.
• Dented metal flashing, vents, or gutters - Metal components often show hail damage more clearly than shingles, with distinct denting patterns.
• Granules collecting in gutters or downspouts - Excessive granule loss following a hailstorm indicates shingle damage.
• Damaged or dented roof vents and turbines - These components are particularly vulnerable to hail impacts.
• Circular cracks in asphalt shingles - Sometimes appearing as spider-web patterns around impact points.
• Exposed fiberglass mat - Severe hail impacts can expose the fiberglass reinforcement within asphalt shingles.

Hail damage severity typically correlates with hailstone size:

• Pea size (¼"): Usually minimal damage
• Marble size (½"): May cause damage to older roofs
• Quarter size (1"): Commonly causes significant damage
• Golf ball size (1¾") and larger: Almost always causes severe damage requiring roof replacement

Water Damage

Heavy rainfall, especially the torrential downpours common during Houston thunderstorms and tropical systems, can reveal existing vulnerabilities in your roof. Even a small breach in your roofing system can allow significant water intrusion during intense rainfall events.

Check for these indicators of water damage:

• Water stains on ceilings or walls - Yellow or brown discoloration that may appear as rings or irregular shapes.
• Damp insulation in the attic - Wet insulation loses its effectiveness and can promote mold growth.
• Mold or mildew growth - Often appears as black or green spots on ceilings, walls, or in attic spaces.
• Sagging roof deck - Water-saturated decking can warp and sag between rafters or trusses.
• Clogged or overflowing gutters - Improper drainage can force water under shingles during heavy rain.
• Peeling paint or wallpaper - Moisture intrusion can cause interior finishes to deteriorate.
• Musty odors - Persistent dampness often produces distinctive musty smells.
• Increased humidity in the home - Water intrusion can raise indoor humidity levels, especially noticeable in upper floors.
• Water dripping or active leaks - The most obvious sign of water damage requiring immediate attention.

Hurricane and Tropical Storm Damage

Houston's coastal proximity makes it vulnerable to tropical systems that can combine all the damage types above with extraordinary intensity. Hurricane damage often includes:

• Extensive shingle loss - Hurricanes can strip entire sections of roofing material.
• Structural damage to roof framing - Trusses or rafters may be damaged by extreme wind forces.
• Wind-driven rain intrusion - Hurricane-force winds can drive rain horizontally, forcing water into areas that normally wouldn't be vulnerable.
• Impact damage from flying debris - Hurricanes turn ordinary objects into projectiles that can puncture roofing systems.
• Damage to roof-mounted equipment - HVAC units, satellite dishes, or solar panels may be damaged or torn from their mountings.
• Compromised roof-to-wall connections - The critical connection between your roof and walls can be weakened by the lifting forces of hurricane winds.

Documenting Damage for Insurance Claims

Proper documentation is essential for insurance claims. The more thoroughly you document storm damage, the more likely you are to receive fair compensation from your insurance company. Follow these steps for comprehensive documentation:

1. Take dated photographs of all visible damage
   • Capture wide shots of the entire roof from multiple angles
   • Take close-up photos of specific damage areas
   • Document interior damage including water stains, leaks, and affected belongings
   • Photograph damaged personal property
   • Enable timestamp features on your camera or smartphone if available
   • Include reference objects for scale when photographing hail damage
2. Make detailed notes about the damage
   • Record the date and approximate time of the storm
   • Note specific damage locations (e.g., "south-facing slope," "around chimney flashing")
   • Include measurements where possible (e.g., "approximately 3'×4' area of missing shingles")
   • Document when you first noticed the damage
   • Keep a log of all storm-related issues as they develop
3. Save weather reports from the day of the storm
   • Screenshot or print local weather service reports
   • Save news articles about the storm
   • Obtain official weather data showing wind speeds, hail reports, or rainfall amounts
   • Document any neighborhood damage that demonstrates storm severity
   • Note any severe weather warnings or watches issued for your area
4. Keep receipts for any emergency repairs or tarping
   • Save all invoices from emergency services
   • Keep receipts for materials purchased for temporary repairs
   • Document any hotel stays if your home was temporarily uninhabitable
   • Track mileage and expenses related to the claim process
5. Document conversations with insurance adjusters and contractors
   • Record names, dates, and key points from all conversations
   • Save emails and written correspondence
   • Take notes during in-person meetings or inspections
   • Request copies of any forms or documents completed by adjusters
   • Follow up verbal conversations with email summaries for your records

Working with Insurance Companies

Navigating the insurance claims process effectively requires understanding how the system works and being proactive throughout the process:

1. Report damage to your insurance company promptly
   • Most policies require "prompt" reporting, typically within 30-60 days
   • Delaying can give the insurer grounds to deny your claim
   • Call the claims number on your policy or use your insurer's mobile app
   • Get a claim number and the name of your assigned adjuster
   • Ask about the timeline for inspection and next steps
2. Understand your policy coverage and deductible before filing a claim
   • Review your policy's coverage limits and exclusions
   • Determine if you have Replacement Cost Value (RCV) or Actual Cash Value (ACV) coverage
   • Verify your deductible amount, which may be different for wind/hail damage
   • Check if you have a separate hurricane deductible (common in Houston)
   • Understand how depreciation is calculated and if it's recoverable
3. Be present during the insurance adjuster's inspection
   • Schedule the inspection for a time when you can be present
   • Have your documentation ready to share
   • Point out all areas of damage you've identified
   • Take notes and photos during the inspection
   • Ask questions about anything you don't understand
   • Request a copy of the adjuster's findings before they leave
4. Get multiple repair estimates from licensed contractors
   • Seek estimates from at least three reputable, local roofing contractors
   • Ensure estimates are detailed and itemized
   • Compare scope of work between estimates and the insurance adjuster's findings
   • If contractor estimates exceed the insurance offer, request a re-evaluation
   • Choose contractors experienced with insurance work in Houston
5. Don't sign any contracts or make final decisions until your claim is approved
   • Wait for written approval of your claim before committing to repairs
   • Review the insurance company's scope of work carefully
   • Understand which portions of the work may not be covered
   • Be wary of contractors who pressure you to sign before approval
   • Ensure any contract has a contingency clause for insurance approval
6. Consider hiring a public adjuster for significant damage claims
   • Public adjusters work for you, not the insurance company
   • They typically charge 5-15% of the claim settlement
   • Most beneficial for complex or high-value claims
   • Verify their license with the Texas Department of Insurance
   • Check references and experience with similar claims
   • Most effective when hired early in the claims process

Understanding Insurance Terminology

Being familiar with these key terms will help you navigate the claims process more effectively:

• Replacement Cost Value (RCV) - The cost to replace damaged property with new materials of like kind and quality, without deduction for depreciation.
• Actual Cash Value (ACV) - The cost to replace damaged property minus depreciation for age and condition.
• Recoverable Depreciation - The difference between RCV and ACV that you can recover after repairs are completed.
• Scope of Loss/Damage - The detailed description of damaged items and necessary repairs.
• Supplement - An addition to the original claim for damage discovered during repairs.
• Indemnification - The principle that insurance should restore you to your pre-loss condition, no better or worse.
• Proof of Loss - A formal document you may need to sign, swearing to the accuracy of your claim.

Emergency Temporary Repairs

Sometimes immediate action is necessary to prevent further damage to your home. Understanding when and how to implement temporary repairs can save thousands of dollars in secondary damage.

When to Take Action

• Visible holes in the roof - Any opening that allows direct water entry requires immediate attention.
• Multiple missing shingles - Exposed underlayment or decking can quickly lead to water intrusion.
• Active leaks during rainfall - If water is actively entering your home, temporary measures are essential.
• Structural damage that compromises roof integrity - Sagging sections or visible structural damage may indicate unsafe conditions requiring professional evaluation.
• Damaged flashing around penetrations - Compromised flashing around chimneys, vents, or skylights creates vulnerable entry points for water.
• Extensive debris on the roof - Heavy branches or debris can cause additional damage if not carefully removed.

Temporary Solutions

• Tarping:
  • Use heavy-duty, UV-resistant tarps (at least 6 mil thickness)
  • Extend the tarp at least 4 feet beyond damaged areas in all directions
  • Secure with 1x3 lumber strips nailed into the roof (not the peak)
  • Ensure the tarp extends over the ridge for better water shedding
  • Create a slight slope for water runoff
  • Use additional ropes or bungee cords for extra security in windy conditions
• Minor patching:
  • Use roofing cement or specialized emergency roof patches for small holes
  • Apply to dry surfaces when possible
  • Press firmly to create a good seal
  • Extend patch material beyond the damaged area by at least 2 inches
  • Consider reinforcing with embedded fabric for larger repairs
• Water diversion:
  • Place buckets or containers under active leaks
  • Use plastic sheeting to channel water to containers
  • Move valuable or sensitive items away from leak areas
  • Consider drilling small holes in bulging ceilings to release collected water in a controlled manner
  • Use fans to dry affected areas after leaks are contained
• Debris removal:
  • Carefully remove branches and large debris that could cause additional damage
  • Work from a ladder when possible rather than walking on a damaged roof
  • Use proper safety equipment including gloves and eye protection
  • Be cautious of hidden damage beneath debris
  • Avoid removing debris that has penetrated the roof surface until proper repairs can be made

Documenting Emergency Repairs

For insurance purposes, thoroughly document all emergency repairs:

• Take "before" photos prior to any temporary repairs
• Document the repair process with photos
• Keep all receipts for materials and services
• Note the date, time, and nature of all emergency work
• Inform your insurance company of emergency measures taken

Choosing a Reputable Contractor

After storms, Houston often sees an influx of "storm chasers" - roofing contractors who follow severe weather events looking for quick work. While some may be legitimate, others may offer substandard repairs or disappear after collecting deposits. Here's how to identify reputable contractors:

Verification Steps

• Verify local business address and phone number
  • Visit the physical office location if possible
  • Check how long they've been operating in Houston
  • Verify their business registration with the Texas Secretary of State
  • Be wary of contractors with only P.O. boxes or out-of-state addresses
• Check for proper licensing and insurance
  • While Texas doesn't require roofing licenses, verify business licenses
  • Request certificates of insurance for general liability (minimum $1 million)
  • Verify workers' compensation coverage
  • Call the insurance company to confirm policy is active
  • Check for manufacturer certifications (GAF Master Elite, Owens Corning Preferred, etc.)
• Read reviews and check references
  • Check Google, Yelp, BBB, and other review platforms
  • Ask for references from recent local projects, especially storm damage repairs
  • Contact references to ask about their experience
  • Look for consistent patterns in reviews, both positive and negative
  • Check for complaints with the Better Business Bureau
• Get detailed written estimates
  • Ensure estimates include specific materials to be used
  • Look for detailed scope of work, not vague descriptions
  • Verify that permits will be pulled if required
  • Check for clear payment terms and schedule
  • Compare estimates from multiple contractors for consistency
• Avoid contractors who demand large upfront payments
  • Be wary of requests for more than 10-20% down payment
  • Never pay in full before work is completed
  • Avoid cash-only contractors
  • Be suspicious of special "storm pricing" or high-pressure sales tactics
  • Watch out for contractors who offer to pay or "absorb" your insurance deductible (illegal in Texas)
• Confirm warranty terms for repairs or replacements
  • Get workmanship warranties in writing (minimum 5 years recommended)
  • Understand manufacturer material warranties
  • Verify that warranties are transferable if you sell your home
  • Check if the contractor offers annual inspections
  • Understand what might void warranty coverage

Red Flags to Watch For

Be cautious of contractors who:

• Appear only after storms and have no local history
• Use high-pressure sales tactics or "today only" special pricing
• Offer to handle your insurance claim for you (potentially illegal)
• Have no online presence or reviews
• Provide significantly lower estimates than other contractors
• Cannot provide proof of insurance or local references
• Use unmarked vehicles or have no company identification
• Request full payment upfront or unusual payment methods

Long-Term Considerations After Storm Damage

Beyond immediate repairs, consider these long-term factors after experiencing storm damage:

Upgrading to More Resilient Materials

• Consider impact-resistant shingles (Class 4) for better hail protection
• Explore wind-resistant roofing options rated for Houston's hurricane potential
• Investigate cool roof options that may qualify for insurance discounts
• Ask about enhanced underlayment options for better secondary water protection

Structural Improvements

• Consider hurricane straps or clips to reinforce roof-to-wall connections
• Evaluate if additional roof bracing would benefit your home
• Assess whether improved ventilation could reduce future damage
• Discuss options for enhanced flashing details around roof penetrations

Insurance Considerations

• Review your policy coverage limits after repairs are complete
• Ask about discounts for storm-resistant roofing upgrades
• Consider adjusting your deductible based on your experience
• Document your new roof with photos and warranty information
• Create a home inventory to simplify future claims

Conclusion

By following these guidelines, you can effectively assess storm damage to your roof, navigate the insurance claims process, and ensure proper repairs. Remember that prompt action is key to preventing secondary damage, but safety should always be your first priority.

At Houston Roofing Repairs, we specialize in storm damage assessment and repair. Our experienced team understands the unique challenges Houston homeowners face during severe weather events and can provide expert guidance throughout the entire process. Contact us for a professional roof inspection after any significant storm to ensure your home remains protected.